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In-Depth Cooperation or Not? The Choice of Retailer and E-Commerce Platform Based on the Consumer Membership System
In: OMEGA-D-23-00028
SSRN
Identifying the Impacts of Land Use Landscape Pattern and Climate Changes on Streamflow From Past to Future
In: JEMA-D-23-01604
SSRN
Impact of disinfectants on the intestinal bacterial symbionts and immunity of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.)
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 29, Heft 52, S. 79545-79554
ISSN: 1614-7499
An Experimental Validation of Masking in IEC 60601-1-8:2006-Compliant Alarm Sounds
In: Human factors: the journal of the Human Factors Society, Band 62, Heft 6, S. 954-972
ISSN: 1547-8181
Objective This research investigated whether the psychoacoustics of simultaneous masking, which are integral to a model-checking-based method, previously developed for detecting perceivability problems in alarm configurations, could predict when IEC 60601-1-8-compliant medical alarm sounds are audible. Background The tonal nature of sounds prescribed by IEC 60601-1-8 makes them potentially susceptible to simultaneous masking: where concurrent sounds render one or more inaudible due to human sensory limitations. No work has experimentally assessed whether the psychoacoustics of simultaneous masking accurately predict IEC 60601-1-8 alarm perceivability. Method In two signal detection experiments, 28 nursing students judged whether alarm sounds were present in collections of concurrently sounding standard-compliant tones. The first experiment used alarm sounds with single-frequency (primary harmonic) tones. The second experiment's sounds included the additional, standard-required frequencies (often called subharmonics). T tests compared miss, false alarm, sensitivity, and bias measures between masking and nonmasking conditions and between the two experiments. Results Miss rates were significantly higher and sensitivity was significantly lower for the masking condition than for the nonmasking one. There were no significant differences between the measures of the two experiments. Conclusion These results validate the predictions of the psychoacoustics of simultaneous masking for medical alarms and the masking detection capabilities of our method that relies on them. The results also show that masking of an alarm's primary harmonic is sufficient to make an alarm sound indistinguishable. Application Findings have profound implications for medical alarm design, the international standard, and masking detection methods.
Analysis of digital gene expression profiling in the gonad of male silkworms (Bombyx mori) under fluoride stress
In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety: EES ; official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Band 153, S. 127-134
ISSN: 1090-2414
How Urban Built Environment Influences Commuting Carbon Emissions: A Perspective from Big Data
In: JCIT-D-23-01523
SSRN
Association of ambient PM10 and PM2.5 with coronary stenosis measured using selective coronary angiography
In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety: EES ; official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Band 262, S. 115338
ISSN: 1090-2414